William is a

masculine Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors con ...

given name A given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name quoted in that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a fa ...

Norman French Norman or Norman French (, french: Normand, Guernésiais: , Jèrriais: ) is a Romance language which can be classified as one of the Oïl languages along with French, Picard and Walloon. The name "Norman French" is sometimes used to descri ...

origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'',

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...

, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the

English language English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...

after the

Norman conquest of England The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Norman, Duchy of Brittany, Breton, County of Flanders, Flemish, and Kingdom of France, French troops, ...

in 1066,All Things William
"Meaning & Origin of the Name"
/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include

Will Will may refer to: Common meanings * Will and testament, instructions for the disposition of one's property after death * Will (philosophy), or willpower * Will (sociology) * Will, volition (psychology) * Will, a modal verb - see Shall and will ...

Wills Wills may refer to: * Will (law) A will or testament is a legal document that expresses a person's (testator) wishes as to how their property ( estate) is to be distributed after their death and as to which person (executor) is to manage the pr ...

Willy Willy or Willie is a masculine, male given name, often a diminutive form of William or Wilhelm, and occasionally a nickname. It may refer to: People Given name or nickname * Willie Aames (born 1960), American actor, television director, and scree ...

Willie Willy or Willie is a masculine, male given name, often a diminutive form of William or Wilhelm, and occasionally a nickname. It may refer to: People Given name or nickname * Willie Aames (born 1960), American actor, television director, and scree ...

Liam Liam is a short form of the Irish name Uilliam or the old Germanic name William. Etymology The original name was a merging of two Old German elements: ''willa'' ("will" or "resolution"); and ''helma'' ("helmet"). The juxtaposition of these elem ...

Bill Bill(s) may refer to: Common meanings * Banknote, paper cash (especially in the United States) * Bill (law), a proposed law put before a legislature * Invoice, commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer * Bill, a bird or animal's beak Plac ...

, and

Billy Billy may refer to: * Billy (name), a name (and list of people with the name) Animals * Billy (dog), a dog breed * Billy (pigeon), awarded the Dickin Medal in 1945 * Billy (pygmy hippo), a pet of U.S. President Calvin Coolidge * Billy, a youn ...

. A common

Irish Irish may refer to: Common meanings * Someone or something of, from, or related to: ** Ireland, an island situated off the north-western coast of continental Europe ***Éire, Irish language name for the isle ** Northern Ireland, a constituent unit ...

form is

Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...

diminutives A diminutive is a root word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment. A (abbreviated ) is a word-formati ...

include Wull,

or Wullie (as in

Oor Wullie ''Oor Wullie'' ( en, Our Willie) is a Scottish comic strip published in the D.C. Thomson newspaper ''The Sunday Post''. It features a character called Wullie; Wullie is the familiar Scots nickname for boys named William, equivalent to Willie. ...

or the play ''Douglas''). Female forms are

Willa Willa is a feminine given name. Notable people and characters with the name include: * Willa or Guilla of Provence (died before 924), early medieval Frankish queen * Willa of Tuscany (died 970), queen consort of Berengar II of Italy * Willa Brown ( ...

Willemina Willemina is a Dutch feminine given name similar to Wilhelmina. Bearers often use a short form in daily life, including ''Ineke'', ''Mien'', ''Miep'', ''Wil'', ''Will'', ''Willeke'', ''Willy'', and ''Wilma''. People with the name include: * Wille ...

, Wilma and Wilhelmina.

Etymology

William is related to the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

given name ''Wilhelm''. Both ultimately descend from

Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branc ...

''*Wiljahelmaz'', with a direct cognate also in the

Old Norse Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and t ...

name ''Vilhjalmr'' and a West Germanic borrowing into Medieval Latin ''Willelmus''. The Proto-Germanic name is a

compound Compound may refer to: Architecture and built environments * Compound (enclosure), a cluster of buildings having a shared purpose, usually inside a fence or wall ** Compound (fortification), a version of the above fortified with defensive struct ...

of *''wiljô'' "will, wish, desire" and *''helmaz'' "helm, helmet". By regular sound change, Proto-Germanic *''Wiljahelmaz'' should have also descended into English as *''Wilhelm'', but this latter form is unattested in written English of any period; the

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' is a collection of annals in Old English, chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The original manuscript of the ''Chronicle'' was created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alf ...

refers to

William the Conqueror William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first House of Normandy, Norman List of English monarchs#House of Norman ...

as ''Willelm'', a back-formation from the Medieval Latin variant. The form ''William'' is a back-borrowing from

Old Norman Old Norman, also called Old Northern French or Old Norman French ( fro, Ancien Normant, nrf, Ancien Normaund), was one of many varieties of the '' langues d'oïl'' native to northern France. It was spoken throughout the region of what is now call ...

''Williame'', a specifically northern Norman reflex of Medieval Latin ''Willelmus'' (compare the Central French cognate ''Guillaume''). The development of the name's northern Norman form can be traced in the different versions of the name appearing in

Wace Wace ( 1110 – after 1174), sometimes referred to as Robert Wace, was a Medieval Norman poet, who was born in Jersey and brought up in mainland Normandy (he tells us in the ''Roman de Rou'' that he was taken as a child to Caen), ending his care ...

's ''

Roman de Rou ''Roman de Rou'' is a verse chronicle by Wace in Norman covering the history of the Dukes of Normandy from the time of Rollo of Normandy to the battle of Tinchebray in 1106. It is a national epic of Normandy. Following the success of his ''Roma ...

''. The first well-known bearer of the name was

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy ...

's cousin

William of Gellone William of Gellone ( 755 – 28 May 812 or 814), the medieval William of Orange, was the second Duke of Toulouse from 790 until 811. In 804, he founded the abbey of Gellone. He was canonized a saint in 1066 by Pope Alexander II.

(755–812). This William is immortalized in the Chanson de Guillaume, and the esteem in which he was held may account for the name's subsequent popularity among European nobility.

English history

The English "William" is taken from the

Anglo-Norman language Anglo-Norman, also known as Anglo-Norman French ( nrf, Anglo-Normaund) ( French: ), was a dialect of Old Norman French that was used in England and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere in Great Britain and Ireland during the Anglo-Norman period. When ...

and was transmitted to England after the Norman conquest in the 11th century, and soon became the most popular name in England, along with other Norman names such as

Robert The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

(the English cognate was wikt:Hreodbeorht#Old English, Hrēodbeorht, which by regular sound changes would have developed into something along the lines of "Reedbart"), Richard, Roger (the English cognate was Hroðgar), Henry (surname), Henry (all of Germanic origin and may have been transmitted through the Normans' use of Old French). The name Wilkins (disambiguation), Wilkin/Wilkins is also of medieval origin, taken from the shortened version of William (Will) with the suffix "kin" added.

Variants

*Wilem, Awilemam (Koromfe language, Koromfe) *Weelum (Scots language, Scots) *Willum (Scots language, Scots) *Viliamu (Samoan language, Samoan) *Viliami (Tongan language, Tongan) *Whiriyamu (Ikalanga language, Karanga) *Whiliyamu (Northern Ndebele language, Ndebele) *Wilhelm (

, Polish language, Polish, Swedish language, Swedish) *Willem, Wilhelmus, Wim (Dutch language, Dutch, Frisian languages, Frisian, Low German) *Willem, Wilhelm (Afrikaans) *Wiremu (Māori language, Maori) *Willelm (Old English) *Williama (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian) *Wëllem (Luxembourgish) *Walaam (Persian language, Persian) *Wiliyom, Wiliyem (Bengali language, Bengali) *Vĩnh Liêm, Vĩnh Lâm (Vietnamese language, Vietnamese) *Billem (Toba Batak language, Toba Batak) *Cuglierme, Gugliemo (Neapolitan language, Neapolitan) *Golem, Gulielm, Ylli, Ylmer (Albanian language, Albanian) *Gilen, Guilen (Basque language, Basque) *Gulielmus, Vilhelmus, Willelmus, Gullelmus, Gullielmus, Villelmus (Latin) *Guglielmo (Italian language, Italian) *Guillaume (French language, French) *Guildhelm (Old Dutch) *Guilhèm, Guilhem, Guilherme, Guilhèume, Guilhaume, Glhaume (Occitan language, Occitan) *Guillem, Guim (Catalan language, Catalan) *Guillén (Aragonese language, Aragonese) *Guillermo (Spanish language, Spanish) *Guilherme (Portuguese language, Portuguese) *Guillerme (Galician language, Galician) *Gwilym (Welsh language, Welsh) *Gwilherm (Breton language, Breton) *Gugghiermu (Sicilian language, Sicilian) *Gllâome (Modern Norman language, Norman) *Uilliam (Irish language, Irish) *

(Irish language, Irish) *Illiam (Manx language, Manx Gaelic) *Uilleam (Scottish Gaelic) *وِلْيَم – William (Arabic) *Уилям – Uiliam (Bulgarian language, Bulgarian) *װֶעלװֶעל – /ˈvelvel/ (Yiddish) *Villem, Villu (Estonian language, Estonian) *Уильям – Uilyam (Russian language, Russian) *Вільгельм, Вільям – Vil'hel'm, Vil'yam (Ukrainian language, Ukrainian) *Уільям, Вільям – Uiĺjam, Viĺjam (Belarusian language, Belarusian) *Vilhelm (Danish language, Danish, Norwegian language, Norwegian, Romanian language, Romanian, Swedish language, Swedish) *Vilhelmo (Esperanto) *Vilhelms (Latvian language, Latvian) *Viliam (Slovak language, Slovak) *Viljem (Slovene language, Slovene) *ויליאם – /ˈviljam/ (older pronunciation), /ˈwiljam/ (contemporary) (Hebrew) *Vilim (Croatian language, Croatian) *Вилим (Serbian language, Serbian) *Vilém (Czech language, Czech) *Vilmos (Hungarian language, Hungarian) *Viljams, Vilhelms, Vilis (Latvian language, Latvian) *Vilius, Viliumas, Vilhelmas (Lithuanian language, Lithuanian) *Viljami, Ville, Vilho, Viljo (Finnish language, Finnish) *Vilhjálmur (Icelandic language, Icelandic) *Vilhjálmur, Viljormur (Faroese language, Faroese) *Vilhjalmr (

) *Vilko (Croatian language, Croatian) *Vilyam, Vilyım (Turkish language, Turkish) *Vėljams (Samogitian dialect, Samogitian) *Γουλιέλμος (Gouliélmos) (Greek language, Greek) *ܘܠܝܡ (Wil-yam) (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Assyrian) *Գուլիելմոս (Goulielmós) (Armenian language, Armenian)

People named William

References

{{Authority control English-language masculine given names English masculine given names Masculine given names

Etymology

English history

Variants

People named William

See also

References